機械加工的數控車床加工，就是泛指在數控機床上進行零件加工的工藝過程。數控機床是一種用計算機來控制的機床，用來控制機床的計算機，不管是專用計算機、還是通用計算機都統稱為數控系統。數控機床的運動和輔助動作均受控于數控系統發出的指令。 機械加(jia)工/數控銑(xian)床(chuang)加(jia)工
而數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)的指令是由程(cheng)序員根據工(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的材質、加工(gong)要求、機(ji)床(chuang)的特性和系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)所規定的指令格式(shi)（數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)語言或(huo)符號）編制(zhi)的。數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)根據程(cheng)序指令向(xiang)伺(si)服(fu)裝置和其它功能(neng)(neng)部件(jian)(jian)(jian)發出(chu)運(yun)行或(huo)終斷信息來控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)機(ji)床(chuang)的各(ge)種(zhong)運(yun)動(dong)。當零件(jian)(jian)(jian)的加工(gong)程(cheng)序結束時，機(ji)床(chuang)便會自(zi)動(dong)停止。任(ren)何(he)一(yi)種(zhong)數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)，在其數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)中若沒有(you)輸入程(cheng)序指令，數控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)床(chuang)就不能(neng)(neng)工(gong)作。
機械(xie)加工的(de)機床的(de)受控動作(zuo)大致(zhi)包括機床的(de)起動、停(ting)止；主(zhu)軸的(de)啟停(ting)、旋轉方(fang)向(xiang)和(he)轉速的(de)變換(huan)；進給運動的(de)方(fang)向(xiang)、速度、方(fang)式；刀(dao)具的(de)選(xuan)擇、長度和(he)半(ban)徑的(de)補(bu)償；刀(dao)具的(de)更換(huan)，冷(leng)卻液的(de)開起、關閉等(deng)。
數控機床(chuang)一開(kai)始就選(xuan)定具有復雜型面(mian)的(de)飛(fei)機零(ling)件作為加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)對象，解(jie)決普通的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)方法難(nan)以解(jie)決的(de)關鍵。數控加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)的(de)最大特點是用穿孔帶（或磁(ci)帶）控制機床(chuang)進(jin)行自動加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)。
由(you)于(yu)飛(fei)機(ji)、火箭(jian)和(he)發動機(ji)零件(jian)各有不同的(de)特點(dian)：飛(fei)機(ji)和(he)火箭(jian)的(de)零、構(gou)件(jian)尺寸大、型面復雜(za)；發動機(ji)零、構(gou)件(jian)尺寸小、精(jing)度高。
因(yin)此機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)的飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)、火箭(jian)制造(zao)(zao)部門和(he)發動機(ji)(ji)制造(zao)(zao)部門所選用(yong)的數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)有所不(bu)同。在飛(fei)機(ji)(ji)和(he)火箭(jian)制造(zao)(zao)中以采用(yong)連續(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的大型數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑床(chuang)(chuang)為(wei)主，而在發動機(ji)(ji)制造(zao)(zao)中既(ji)采用(yong)連續(xu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)，也采用(yong)點位控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)(chuang)（如數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)鉆床(chuang)(chuang)、數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)鏜床(chuang)(chuang)、加工(gong)中心等）。 機(ji)(ji)械(xie)加工(gong)/數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)銑床(chuang)(chuang)加工(gong)
