機械加工的數控車床加工，就是泛指在數控機床上進行零件加工的工藝過程。數控機床是一種用計算機來控制的機床，用來控制機床的計算機，不管是專用計算機、還是通用計算機都統稱為數控系統。數控機床的運動和輔助動作均受控于數控系統發出的指令。 機械加(jia)工/數控銑床(chuang)加(jia)工
而數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)指(zhi)令是由程序(xu)員(yuan)根(gen)據(ju)工(gong)件(jian)的(de)材(cai)質、加工(gong)要求、機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)特性和系統(tong)(tong)所(suo)規定的(de)指(zhi)令格(ge)式（數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)語(yu)言或符號）編制的(de)。數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)根(gen)據(ju)程序(xu)指(zhi)令向伺服(fu)裝置和其它功能(neng)部件(jian)發出(chu)運行或終斷信息來控(kong)(kong)(kong)制機床(chuang)(chuang)的(de)各種(zhong)運動。當零件(jian)的(de)加工(gong)程序(xu)結束(shu)時，機床(chuang)(chuang)便會自動停止。任何一種(zhong)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)，在(zai)其數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)中若沒有輸入程序(xu)指(zhi)令，數(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)機床(chuang)(chuang)就不能(neng)工(gong)作。
機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受控動作大致包括機(ji)(ji)床的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)起動、停(ting)止；主軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)啟停(ting)、旋轉(zhuan)方向和轉(zhuan)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變換(huan)；進給運動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方向、速度(du)、方式；刀具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇、長度(du)和半徑的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)補償；刀具的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)更換(huan)，冷卻(que)液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開起、關閉等(deng)。
數控機床一開(kai)始就選定(ding)具有復(fu)雜型(xing)面的(de)飛機零件作為(wei)加工(gong)(gong)對象，解決普(pu)通的(de)加工(gong)(gong)方法(fa)難以解決的(de)關鍵。數控加工(gong)(gong)的(de)最(zui)大特點(dian)是用(yong)穿(chuan)孔帶（或磁帶）控制機床進行(xing)自(zi)動(dong)加工(gong)(gong)。
由于飛機(ji)(ji)、火箭(jian)和發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)零(ling)件(jian)各有不同(tong)的特點：飛機(ji)(ji)和火箭(jian)的零(ling)、構件(jian)尺寸(cun)大、型面(mian)復雜(za)；發(fa)動機(ji)(ji)零(ling)、構件(jian)尺寸(cun)小、精度高。
因此機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)的飛機(ji)(ji)、火(huo)箭(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)部門(men)和發動機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)部門(men)所選用的數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)有所不同。在(zai)飛機(ji)(ji)和火(huo)箭(jian)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)中(zhong)(zhong)以采(cai)用連(lian)續控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的大型數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑床(chuang)為主，而(er)在(zai)發動機(ji)(ji)制(zhi)(zhi)造(zao)中(zhong)(zhong)既(ji)采(cai)用連(lian)續控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)，也采(cai)用點位控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)的數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)機(ji)(ji)床(chuang)（如數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)鉆床(chuang)、數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)鏜床(chuang)、加(jia)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)心等）。 機(ji)(ji)械加(jia)工(gong)(gong)/數(shu)(shu)(shu)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)銑床(chuang)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)
